A photographer walks the roof of the world

Central Asia's Wakhan Corridor is a place of pure poetry.

Full body portrait of a shepherd standing in front of a river with livestock on the land behind the river.
Said Rahman, 18 years old, is a shepherd at Vagd Boi, a high-altitude pasture where Wakhi families live in yurts for up to six months of the year.
Story and photographs byMatthieu Paley
Published July 20, 2026
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Hindu Kush, Pamir, Karakoram, Tian Shan—these words, to me, are pure poetry, and when I pour over maps of Central Asia’s Wakhan Corridor, there on the edge of the Himalayan world, my mind starts racing.

This narrow strip of present-day Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan, Tajikistan and China. It was conceived and drawn up at the end of the 19th century by faraway imperialists in St. Petersburg and London to separate Tsarist Russia from the British Empire. To them, the Wakhan Corridor was a wasteland. To me, it is an incredible land of light and beauty, populated by the Wakhi people in the lower valleys and a small, semi-nomadic community of Afghan Kyrgyz in the high-altitude plateaus.

herds dust Wakhan
The high-pasture herd—a mix of goats and sheep guarded by dogs—lifts clouds of the dust that is omnipresent in the high-altitude desert of the Pamir.
Wakhan Jumping Pond
Roziq Ali, the head of Sargaz village, leaps over a pond near a high-altitude lake surrounded by peat in the High Pamir.
A sister and brother, two young shepards, tying up goats and sheep for milking at nightfall. High Pamir, 2025
A sister and brother tie up goats and sheep for milking at nightfall, High Pamir.
terrain Wakhan Valley
This region is historically known as Bam-e Dunya, the Roof of the World. This phrase was originally translated from the Persian expression used by the local Pamiri people to describe their homeland of high plateaus ("Pomir”) surrounded by mountain peaks.
A man stands on rocks in a river and carries a pole. Behind him are mountains and livestock
A shepherd on the path from Destghar to a high-altitude pass in Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor.

I first walked from Pakistan into the Wakhan Corridor in the year 2000, a time when borders were porous. When I reached the Irshad border pass at 5,000 meters (over 16,000 feet), with one foot in Afghanistan and the other in Pakistan, I felt an absurd sense of freedom. I have been chasing that feeling ever since—over 20 expeditions and counting.

Outside, dwarfed on the trail, the massiveness of these mountains excites the imagination. I feel the agitation best at altitude, at the end of a long day carrying a heavy pack, on the way to a high pasture. At the edge of the meadow, where there are shrines of stones crowned with horns, and trees draped in colorful pieces of cloth, you sense the layers of belief that have passed through this part of the world. If you know how to look, they are all still here: echoes of nature worship, the fires of Zoroastrianism, the quiet devotion of Buddhism, and, more recently, Ismaili Islam. In this land, people still believe in the presence of fairies, too—supernatural beings created out of smokeless fire with names like the feared Birgooch, a creature with a hole where its stomach should be.

young girl Wakhan Corridor
Young Zubaida Gul walks toward her cattle herd in the Central Wakhan.
A young girl wearing red milks a yak in a field with other livestock and mountains behind them.
Ayeem Khan milks the family yak, usually twice a day, at the summer camp of Muqur in the Little Pamir.
Four women surround a girl, who are all wearing red, and are combing her hair and holding her hand.
At the veil ceremony, 15-year-old Ikhbal will exchange her childhood crimson veil for a marriageable woman’s white headdress. She cries as older women prepare to attach the white veil to her head in an Afghan Kyrgyz settlement of the Little Pamir.

Even today, most of the Wakhan moves at walking speed, a tempo that matches something restless and unresolved in me. Most of my heroes—shepherds, pilgrims, foragers— travel on foot and the gradual pace of the Wakhan reshapes one’s perception and inner chemistry. The body adjusts first to the altitude and to the cold. The repetition of steps begins to level the mind. Physical exertion humbles you; then it liberates you.

Among these mountains, you will witness an abundance of good, honest hardship, and bitter cold, wind, isolation, and the warmth of mud houses … Inside, what you will remember are the quiet moments and kind gestures: a woman’s hand adjusting her veil through the smoke of the fire, a bowl of salty milk tea offered by your gracious host. As a photographer, I know that these beautiful moments are also fragile. Gazing too long can affect the picture I am desperate to take. I like walking on these eggshells.

Wakhan fire conversation
Three Wakhi friends, on a recent expedition to the High Pamir, warm up around a dung fire and tell stories.
Several women and girls sit in a circle drinking out of a bowl.
Wakhi women welcome visitors with salty milk tea inside a traditional home in Sarhad village. Light pours from an opening in the roof.
tea ceremony Wakhan
In a smoke-filled mud house at a pasture camp, a Wakhi woman offers a cup of warm salty milk tea to the weary traveler.
young boy horse Little Pamir
A young boy, Juma, with his horse, at an Afghan Kyrgyz settlement in the Little Pamir.
A close view of a yak head with its tongue out and a branch in its mouth.
Hornless yaks like this one—named "Yellow"—are known for their incredible strength and are occasionally used as beasts of burden on journeys to the high pastures.
Cooking Wakhan Valley
The evening routine in the Pamir: preparing bread, salty milk tea, and rice milk in an Afghan pressure cooker.

Learning Wakhi, an endangered Pamiri language, played a crucial role as I fell deeply in love with the area. I didn’t formally “learn” Wakhi; it just happened over time on those long journeys. Speaking the language slowly changed everything. Laughter blossomed, lots of it. Having a shared language creates proximity and it is key in shaking off possible misunderstandings. It makes me a better photographer. My camera can be an intrusion, but mostly I am always responding, always answering, always being answered … We feel our cultural differences, but the language is essential in helping build bridges.

As a photographer, what keeps you coming back, beyond simply “telling the story”? Maybe you want to create beautiful pictures because then, perhaps, you are a bit beautiful too, right? You dig deeper for that feeling. It’s a good driving force. It might lead you to explore different photographic languages. You might even dare to try and write verses through your pictures. You forget about grammar, you play with the edges of composition. Success, failure. You pull that thread to see what comes out.

Portrait of a child standing near a wall looking down with there hands resting at their stomach.
Dusted with flour, a young girl waits outside the khodorg, the village water mill.
Shrine Women Wahan Valley
Wakhi women arrive to pray at a small astane near their summer settlement. Adorned with horns from Marco Polo sheep and ibex, the shrine holds colorful strips of cloth tied there over generations.
Shrine in the Wakhan
A Wakhi shrine called an astane in the high Pamir. The word means "threshold" in the Wakhi language. These are places of worship that blend elements of animism with Zoroastrianism and Ismaili Islam.
A green plant with white ends in the foreground and a trees and mountains in the background in the Wakhan Valley in Afghanistan
A sea buckthorn bush covered with a prickly vine, called chundrik in Wakhi, which is used as a scourer for washing dishes.
Geology Wakhan Vally
The Pamir’s immense geological history is often starkly visible. Here, a massive boulder sits in a wheat field in the center of the wide Wakhan valley. Tajikistan can be seen in the distance.
geology terrain Wakhan corridor
At high altitude near the Pakistani border, deep in the Pamir, details emerge from Sekr Yanj, the "Red Canyon." This place is accessible for only three months of the year; the rest of the time, it lies under deep snow.
portrait of a boy in the Wakhan Corridor
Bakh Shoh, born and raised in the Wakhan, hosted the author for three days, sharing meals and swapping life stories.

That’s one of the reason I keep coming back here. When the connection to a place is right and honest, you will return obsessively—because it has also become your place of poetry. Of course, with better roads and the arrival of mobile networks, some things have changed. But the ancestral knowledge is still here and that is what I am focusing on—because it is the part of Wakhi culture that will disappear first. Yet, to my eyes, it has an irreplaceable value.

Each visit becomes a dialogue, and also a mirror—one where you wipe the dust off your preconceived notions and you are changed by the kindness and hospitality here, changed by simply being present, being seen, being allowed to participate, being accepted. And this place, too, is changed by my presence. I see you … you see me. It is a type of dance, one of mutual recognition, a vibration between worlds. When I’m here, my heart beats harder. And so this relationship can’t stop—not for me, I think. It is love, simply love that calls me back, again and again.

drinking tea in the Wakhan
August is a busy time of year in the Central Wakhan. Aziz Baig relaxes with a cup of green tea after returning from the fields. Flour markings from the Taghum festival adorn the wall behind him.
singer Wakhan bike
Mobarek Shoh (Wakhi for "Love King") is a young singer. He returns from playing at a friend’s house in the Central Wakhan, carrying his keyboard on his bicycle.
Contact sheet of sixteen photos showing different people, landscapes, and animals.
Contact sheet from a winter expedition in 2008.
Born in France, National Geographic Explorer and storyteller Matthieu Paley has travelled all over the world for NGOs and magazines such as National Geographic, Time, and Geo. After 20 years of living in Asia, he recently moved to Portugal, where he has been planting a forest—one of his many passions.
 
In 2011, following a decade of documenting the life of Afghanistan’s Kyrgyz nomads, Matthieu published his first of many books. His fine art images have been exhibited in galleries worldwide as well as in museums. The recipient of numerous awards (among others, a World Press and a Photographer of the Year International Award), Matthieu regularly leads storytelling workshops. Apart from photography, Matthieu uses video and writing to better open people’s eyes on our common humanity. You can follow him on Instagram @paleyphoto.